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About “Regular Politics” – An Analysis of Confucius’ Political Philosophy Thoughts
Author: Liu Chen (Dynasty of Chinese Studies, Zhaoqing Academy, Hanyang, Korea)
Source: “History of Chinese Philosophy” 2022 Issue 5
Abstract: What is important in political philosophy is the essential and value problems of politics. Confucius’ political philosophy is the “right politics” thinking. Confucius believed that the essence of politics is “right”, rules and regulations, and moral standards. The important contents of “righteousness” include correcting one’s body, correcting one’s heart, and correcting oneself. The right politics includes three aspects: self-righteousness, gentleman, and righteousness. To correct oneself is to be “low and sweet”, that is, benevolence. Confucius brought cheap and sweet minds to politics, which became correct political thinking; Mencius brought love to politics, which became tyrannical thinking. Confucius proposed the correct political methods, conditions and political taboos. Confucius’ political goal was to have enough food, enough soldiers, and believe it, and he realized Confucius’ basic thinking. The values that Confucius sought in politics were: respect, tolerance, integrity, diligence, mercy, and fairness. Confucius’s ideological thinking on the correct politics can be called standardized political science.
In modern times, the dominant politics of the East has been very prevalent, and China’s political structure is still being explored. It has neither implemented the dominant politics of the East, nor has it been constructed. But inclusive market is that modern Chinese politics, especially Confucian moral politics, can provide guidance for contemporary politics. This article is to discuss Confucius’ political philosophy, that is, the ideological thinking of the right politics. In political philosophy, what is important to explore is the essential and value problems of politics. Confucius’ political philosophy has touched these two important issues.
1. The essence of politics
(I) The essence of politics is “right”
Regarding the essence of politics, Confucius clearly mentioned in the “Speech” that the essence of politics is “right”:
Ji Kangzi asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius replied: “Politics is righteous. If you do not use it as righteous, who dares to be wrong?” (“Speech·王彩小彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩href=”https://www.blog-taipei.online/Jia/%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e5%80%8b%e7%88%b9%e5%9c%b0/”>Baozhuang.com“)
Ji Kangzi is the chief minister of Lu Guo during his age. At that time, Lu Guo’s office was Lingyi, and Ji Kangzi became a magistrate of Lu Guo and often usurped him. In this context, Confucius proposed the idea of ”politics is righteousness” when answering Ji Kangzi’s questions about politics, which can now be called “correct politics”. “Positive” is a rule, the meaning of standard. Politics is rules, normative thinking and behavior. “Who dares to be right?” From a general perspective, the important target of the standard is the governor and the governance level, but its goal is to protect the entire country and manage the country well. It’s just that the rulers have finally achieved the goal of standardized people and standardized countries through this trick. Because people have a sense of the top and equality, the “top-down” method is more accepted and recognized by the people; and in modern society, the rulers grasp the right to kill. Summary 2 of the word: All the people are paid attention to and valued by the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates and the subordinates are not allowed to commit mistakes. Therefore, the rulers’ words and deeds are naturally not afraid to disregard their own words and deeds. This is the “talk of words and deeds”. If everyone is standardized, the political affairs of the entire country will be standardized and the country will be managed. In this way, Confucius’s correct political thinking includes three aspects: one is to uphold oneself, that is, to govern oneself; the second is a gentleman, to be standardized and approachable; the third is a country (including the whole country), that is, to standardize and manage the country well. The essence of politics is the norm.
In “Theory”, there is another sentence that also reflects the idea of correct politics:
The Master said: “For politics, virtue, is like the North Chen lives in its place, and the stars are all together.” (“For politics”)
“For politics,” literally understands that the general belief is to govern the country with virtue, but the latter appearance is “like”, which uses an example to illustrate. “De” means morality, such as “North Chen”; “Politics” means political affairs, such as “All Stars”. “The North Star lives wherever the stars share the same” means that the North Star is not moving, and other stars are surrounded by them. This shows that morality is the most basic, focusing on the focus position, and all political affairs are like the stars, and they must revolve around the North Star. They must accept the norm and handle it according to the principles of morality, and cannot escape from morality. If we go deeper, what is this “virtue”? Who “give virtue for politics”? We will find that “virtue” certainly refers to morality, but this morality usually refers to personal virtue, and refers to virtue that focuses on benevolence. So who is the “for politics and virtue” in Taiwan? Obviously, the target of “for politics and virtue” refers to the ruler. The ruler must first have moral character and must follow the principles of morality. Only in this way can the rulers be attractive, the people will “see and think” and the country will manage them well. That’s going backWhen Confucius thought that “politics is righteousness”, he said that the essence of politics is a standard and emphasizes the moral standard. Only when the ruler has better regulations can heal the stars and educate morally.
(II) The specific content of “right”
Since the essence of politics is “right”, what is the specific content of “right”? Confucius believed that important things are positive, upright, and cheap. Regarding the correctness of one’s body, the “Speech” records:
The Master said: “If one is upright, one will do it without orders; if one is not upright, one will not follow the orders.” (Zi Lu)
The Master said: “If one is upright, what is there in the following politics? If one cannot be upright, what is like a gentleman?” (Zi Lu)
The correctness of one’s body refers to the rules and regulations of one’s words and deeds, and the importance is inherent. Because only when the inner words and deeds are heard and seen, only when they are “do not commanded” and “gentlemen”. Here, Confucius expressed his understanding that he must first correct himself before he can fuck a gentleman. Regarding the correctness of the mind, Ji Kangzi asked Confucius: “If you kill without the way, there is a way, what is it?” Confucius replied: “If you want to be good, how can you use it? You will be good and easy to get along with good. The virtues of a gentleman are the virtues of a gentleman, and the wind on the grass will be sloppy.” (“Yang Jing”)
The Master said: “Donald Wen of the King of the King is not upright, and the righteousness of a righteous man is fair but not upright.” (“Yang Qiu”)
“Good” naturally refers to kindness and kindness. “Your desire to be good and you will be kind” means that you have a correct heart and a kind heart, and you will naturally become kind for a long time. Confucius also put forward the opposite of “right”, namely “正”. The word “deception” refers to deception and verbalism, which means that the mind is not right; it is precisely that the mind is right, the right way, the right way, and the right way. Although this “righteous” is a noun, it is still an extension of rules and regulations, that is, a rule is based on the evil path; following the rules is based on the evil path.
In a word, correct oneself and correct oneself. To be honest is to be “cheap and sweet”, and the basis of “cheap and sweet” is ” href=”https://twlovedating520.com/”>Baobao.comGift gift”, “low-cost sweet gift” means “benevolence”:
Add to the benevolence, and the Master said: “low-cost sweet gift is benevolence. One day low-cost sweet gift is benevolence Gift, the wh
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